FASCIST SOCIALISM, NATIONALSOCIALISM, REAL SOCIALISM(=COMMUNISM ) (II)
THREE TOTALITARIAN LEFTIST/SOCIALIST DICTATORSHIPS :
1. FASCIST SOCIALISM (Mussolini)
2. NATIONAL SOCIALISM (Adolf Hitler)
3. REAL SOCIALISM (COMMUNISM) (Lenin, Stalin)
SOCIALIST FOUNDERS of the EUROPEAN NAZI and FASCIST PARTIES :
( students´ file // source/fuente: ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA)
SOCIALIST MUSSOLINI.(1883-1945) .
The first of Europe´s Fascist dictator and the authoritarian head of the Italian state for more than 20 years. His father was a part-time SOCIALIST journalist .In 1909 “comrade” Mussolini became recognized , both as journalist and orator, as one of the most gifted , and adangerorus , of Itali´s younger SOCIALISTS .
After writing in a wide variety of SOCIALIST papers, in 1912 he was appointed editor of the oficial SOCIALIST newsaper ,”Avanti” , whose circulation he soon doubled.
Mussolini always militated in the most radical activist wing of the ISP (Italian Socialist Party ) and became number 3 of the Italian SOCIALIST Party .
Fascism was a schism of the Italian SOCIALIST Party: with 200 assorted discontented radical SOCIALISTS , republicans, anarchists , syndicalists , revolutionaries and discharged soldiers, he founded a new force in Italiana politics : the Fasci di Combatttimento and Mussolini became its “Duce” .
FRANCE: SOCIALIST LEADERS , FOUNDERS of FRENCH FASCIST / NAZI PARTIES
COMMUNIST JACQUES DORIOT: (1898-1945) . A former COMMUNIST activist who founded the French FASCIST Party (PPF) . In 1934 he was a member of the French Communist Party for his Trotskyst views. Two years later he formed the FASCIST Parti Popular Français . Socialist Doriot cooperated closely with Hitler´s German occupation forces in France.
SOCIALIST DRIEU de la ROCHELLE (1893-1945) : A French leader who ,fascinated by Socialist politics , embraced a combination ot European internationalism and authoritarian SOCIALISM and turned in the late 1930s to Hitler´s NationalSOCIALISM . He was an apologist of the Nazi occupation during World WAR II. He wrote “Fascist Socialism” .
SOCIALIST MARCEL DÉAT (1894-1955) : French Socialist politician who was a leading collaborator with Nazi Germani. In 1926 he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a SOCIALIST . He helped form the Parti Socialist de France (July 1933) as an alternative to Mlum´s SoCIALIST POLICIES.
He was an outspoken admirer of Hitler´s National Socialism and remained in the occupied France as a collaborationist .
SOCIALIST PIERRE LAVAL ( 1883-1945) .He was a member of the French SOCIALIST Party from 1903 and, as a statesman , he led the Vichy SOCIALIST government in policies of collaboration with Nazi Germani . He became a lawyer in Paris and made a name for himself by his defense of trade unionists and leftists . He became convinced that France´s collaboration with Hitler´ Nazi Germany was esential in order to assure France a strong role in the future.
GERMANY :
SOCIALIST LEADERS , FOUNDERS of GERMAN NationalSOCIALISM:
SOCIALIST GREGOR STRASSER, and OTTO STRASSER (1892-1934 and 1897-1974) :
Two SOCIALIST brothers who occupied leading positions in Adolf Hitler´s National Socialist Party (Nazi Party) during the 1920s and early 1930s. They were born into a Bavarian middle class family . Gregor took part in Hitler´s Munich Putsch (1923) and built a mass movement with the help of the young Joseph Goebbels .
The Strasser brothers appealed to the lower middle classes and the proletarian by advocating a SOCIALISM couched in NATIONALIST and RACIST terminology .
Gregor who was leader of the party LEFT wing, became head of the NAZI political organization .
SOCIALIST ERNST RÖHM (1887-1934) : he was the original founder of the National SOCIALIST German Workers´ Party (NAZIparty) . Hitler seized the Party after the Munich Putsch in 1923 . Ernst Röhm was the organizer of Adolf Hitler´s STORM TROOPS (Brownshirts) but , feared as a rival by Hitler, he was murdered at the Führer´s orders.
SOCIALIST LEADERS , FOUNDERS of NORWEGIAN NationalSOCIALIST PARTY :
SOCIALIST VIDKUN QUISLING (1887-1945) : A nationalSOCIALIST Norwegian , who worked in Soviet Russia for many years and , in 1933, he founded the “Nasjional Samling” Party under FASCIST and nationalSOCIALIST principles.
Later (1942) , named as a “Minister-President” he collaborated with Germans in their occupation of Norway during the II World War .
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LÍDERES SOCIALISTAS, FUNDADORES DE PARTIDO FASCISTA BRITÁNICO:
Laborista -socialista en U.K.- SiR OSWALD MOSLEY .- Antes de 1924 se sintió atraído cada vez más al Partido Laborista, que acababa de formar gobierno. Pasó inmediatamente al Partido Laborista Independiente (ILP) también y se alió con la izquierda.Después que Mosley fuera en un viaje de estudio de los nuevos movimientos de Mussolini y otros similares, volvió convencido que esa era la alternativa para su país y para él mismo. Determinó unir los movimientos fascistas existentes y creó la Unión Británica de Fascistas (BUF) en 1932 .
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SOCIALISTA ADOLF HITLER , LIDER DEL PARTIDO NACIONALSOCIALISTA ALEMÁN :
SOCIALIST ADOLF HITLER (1889 – 1945) defines himself in his writings :“a man from the LEFT, a convinced SOCIALIST with a strong nationalist feeling”.
He was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National SOCIALIST German Workers Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, abbreviated NSDAP), popularly known as the Nazi Party. He was the ruler of Germany from 1933 to 1945, serving as chancellor from 1933 to 1945 and as head of state (Führer und Reichskanzler) from 1934 to 1945.
A decorated veteran of World War I, Hitler joined the Nazi SOCIALIST Party in 1920 and became its leader in 1921. Following his imprisonment after a failed coup in 1923, he gained support by promoting SOCIALISM nationalism, antisemitism and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and propaganda. He was appointed chancellor in 1933, and quickly established a totalitarian and fascist/SOCIALIST dictatorship. Hitler pursued a foreign policy with the declared goal of seizing Lebensraum ("living space") for Germany, directing the resources of the state toward this goal. His rebuilt Wehrmacht invaded Poland in 1939, leading to the outbreak of World War II in Europe.[2]
Within three years, Germany and the Axis powers occupied most of Europe and large parts of Africa, East and Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean. However, the Allies gained the upper hand from 1942 onward and in 1945 Allied armies invaded Germany from all sides. His forces committed numerous atrocities during the war, including the systematic killing of as many as 17 million civilians including the genocide of an estimated six million Jews, a crime known as the Holocaust.
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COMMUNISM / REAL SOCIALISM :
As a political ideology, Communism is usually considered to be a branch of SOCIALISM ; a broad group of economic and political philosophies that draw on the various political and intellectual movements with origins in the work of theorists of the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution. Communism attempts to offer an alternative to the problems with the capitalist market economy and the legacy of imperialism and nationalism. According to the Moscou Archives, published by the University of Harvard (USA) , this ideology is responsible for the assassination of more than 100 million people in their different worldwide ideological "experiments".
LENIN . (1870-1924)
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924), born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Russian: Владимир Ильич Ульянов) and commonly known by the pseudonyms V.I. Lenin or simply Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, Bolshevik communist politician, principal leader of the October Revolution and the first head of the Union of Soviet SOCIALIST Republics. In 1998, he was named by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. His contributions to Marxist theory are commonly referred to as Leninism (REAL SOCIALISM )
JOSEP STALIN (1878-1953) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union\’s Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953. In the years following Lenin\’s death in 1924, he rose to become the leader of the SOCIALIST Soviet Union.
Stalin launched a command economy, replacing the New Economic Policy of the 1920s with Five-Year Plans and launching a period of rapid industrialization and economic collectivization. The upheaval in the agricultural sector disrupted food production, resulting in widespread famine, such as the Soviet famine of 1932-1933, known in Ukraine as the Holodomor.
During the late 1930s, Stalin launched the Great Purge (also known as the "Great Terror"), a campaign to purge the Communist Party of people accused of corruption or treachery; he extended it to the military and other sectors of Socialist Soviet society. Targets were often executed, imprisoned in Gulag labor camps or exiled. In the years following, millions of ethnic minorities were also deported.
In 1939, the SOCIALIST Soviet Union under Stalin signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler and Nazi Germany, followed by a Soviet invasion of Poland, Finland, the Baltics, Bessarabia and northern Bukovina.
According to the Moscou Archives , published by Harvard University Press, Communist Stalin was responsible for the death and assassination of 12 million people.
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